Plus, Community Partnership Visas, the Educational Choice for Children Act, and recommended reads, podcasts, and events.
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Brookings Center for Economic Security and Opportunity

June 11, 2025

In this edition:

    • Check out our new publications on a proposed Tutoring Corps, reconciliation’s impacts on immigrants and their families, community partnership visas, and the Educational Choice for Children Act.
    • What we’re reading: Women’s career outcomes with universal childcare, diversity in the police academy, and motherhood during the digital age.
    • This month’s top chart shows the concerning decline in student achievement.
    • Worth a click: Work requirements and their consequences, Rosenwald schools, and rebuilding careers after an injury.
    • For your calendar: Policy research and program evaluation after DOGE, The State of the Nation's Housing 2025, and Preservation Strategies to Strengthen Workforce Communities.

        This edition was written by Tara Watson and Jonathon Zars.

         

        💡 New from us: Tutoring Corps, Reconciliation’s impact on immigrants and their families, community partnership visas, and the Educational Choice for Children Act.

         

        Kai Smith and Isabel Sawhill document the decline in American students’ overall academic performance over the past decade. The scores of top-performing students have declined modestly, and the scores of lower-performing students have fallen substantially. They propose high-dose tutoring as one of the best ways to help struggling students become more successful. Leveraging service fellows, such as AmeriCorps volunteers, to tutor is one potential cost-effective strategy. 

         

        In their recent piece, Zaria Roller and Tara Watson detail how the House version of the 2025 reconciliation bill aims to reshape the landscape for immigrants in the U.S. The bill proposes massive increases in enforcement spending, including $45 billion for detention centers and $27 billion for ICE removal operations. Beyond enforcement, the changes also include barring citizen children in mixed-status families from the Child Tax Credit and ACA Marketplace subsidies. The bill also makes it harder for unaccompanied immigrant children to be sponsored by family members to live in a home-based setting while awaiting adjudication. The authors argue that this legislation extends the current administration's strategy of making life harder for both legal and undocumented immigrants and their children. 

         

        Tara Watson is part of an expert working group whose new American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) report champions "Community Partnership Visas" (CPVs), an opportunity for local communities to identify their needs and partner in welcoming immigrants. The report underscores the potential of immigration to revitalize local economies and details how CPVs could work to drive economic growth and opportunity where it's most needed. 

         

        Jon Valant provides commentary on the proposed Educational Choice for Children Act (ECCA), which would create a $5 billion federal tax-credit scholarship program through a tax shelter for wealthy individuals. Valant argues that this bill has too little oversight over how federal education funds are spent and effectively creates a national private school voucher system without the legal hurdles of a more formal one. He illustrates how waste, fraud, and discriminatory behaviors could propagate through this new program.  

         

        📖 What we’re reading

         

        Universal childcare increases new mothers’ employment and earnings prospects. Elena Simintzi, Sheng-Jun Xu, and Ting Xu use tax filing data and the 1997 rollout of Quebec’s universal childcare program to show that earlier access to subsidized childcare significantly increases employment among new mothers, primarily among those who were previously unemployed. But for new mothers who were previously employed, they find that the childcare reform increases the chance that they switch employers, earn higher wages, and get promotions.  

         

        Expanding representation in police academies may reduce future aggressive policing. Roman Rivera exploits that training groups are assigned by lottery and therefore have random differences in peer groups at the Chicago Police Academy (CPA). Officers exposed to training peer groups with more female and older officers reduce the future rate of arrests for low-level crimes. A more diverse racial composition further heightens this reduction. 

         

        Pregnancy and motherhood in the digital age. Amanda Hess, internet culture critic for The New York Times, explores some of the less visible ways our lives are being shaped by technology. When Hess learned her future child had a mysterious abnormality revealed by an ultrasound, she turned to the internet for answers. Rather than comforting her, her search turned into a destabilizing journey through online communities that offered everything from conspiracy to obsession. Her memoir investigates the business of pregnancy and motherhood during the internet age.  

         

        📊 Top chart: Tutoring Corps may help close the achievement gap.

        Screenshot 2025-06-Declines in academic performance began before COVID-19 and are driven by students in the bottom half of the score distribution09 173250

        The scores of lower-performing students have fallen to their lowest level in decades. Kai Smith and Isabel Sawhill propose harnessing service fellowship programs to provide high-dose tutoring to students struggling academically.

         

        ➡️ Worth a click

          • Discover with this piece how work requirements for benefit programs penalize workers in volatile occupations. 
          • Listen to this podcast and learn about the Rosenwald Schools in the segregated South and their connection to political activism.   
          • Understand with this short read how higher education may help provide a pathway to prosperity for injured workers.  

           

           

          📅 For your calendar

           

          Policy Research and Program Evaluation After DOGE

          Association for Public Policy Analysis & Management

          Tuesday, June 17; 1:00 – 2:30 p.m. EDT

          Watch Online

           

          The State of the Nation's Housing 2025

          Joint Center for Housing Studies

          Tuesday, June 24; 2:00 – 5:30 p.m. EDT
          Watch Online or Attend In-Person

           

          Preservation Strategies to Strengthen Workforce Communities

          The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia

          Thursday, June 26; 9:30 a.m. – 3:30 p.m. EDT
          Watch Online or Attend In-Person

           

          About the Center for Economic Security and Opportunity at Brookings

           

          The Center for Economic Security and Opportunity (CESO) produces data-driven, nonpartisan analysis to address the United States’ most challenging social policy questions. In a noisy and polarized world, the Center is a trustworthy source for the information and tools policymakers need to build an economy that works for everyone.

           
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