Plus, a webinar on the UK Strategic Defence Review and the future of the transatlantic alliance.
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Brookings Center on the United States and Europe

June 18, 2025

Dear readers, 

 

This AI thing has Gone Too Far. I asked ChatGPT (not my colleague Ted Reinert, who is known around here, for cause, as TedGPT) last night to tell me a Jewish Mother joke about NATO. (Yes, I was procrastinating about writing this newsletter introduction.) This was the response: 

 

“NATO? Feh. You call that a defense pact? I’ve been holding this family together with nothing but guilt and a landline since 1973. Your Uncle Morty hasn’t spoken to your cousin in 10 years, but when I say ‘we’re having dinner,’ suddenly it’s détente.” And then it asked me: “Want one with more geopolitical nuance or more matzo balls?” I say that is sarcasm, and it is uncalled for. 

 

Anyway. It appears the West has survived this week’s G-7 meeting in the Canadian mountain resort of Kananaskis, despite, or perhaps because of, President Trump’s precipitate return to Washington to focus on the war between Israel and Iran. But Western leaders meet again at what is probably most accurately described as a Readers Digest version of a NATO summit in the Dutch city of The Hague on June 24-25: dinner with the King and Queen to ensure good behavior all round, followed by a 2-hour meeting the next day, and rounded off with a maximally succinct document that carefully avoids any and all points of potential conflict.  

 

Luckily, we here at the Center on the United States and Europe have been busy dissecting said points of contention, and we have a remarkable array of analysis for you: 

 

Jim Goldgeier and Sophie Roehse have a primer on what is at stake in The Hague. For our “Reimagining Europe’s security” series, Tom Wright describes how Europe can help Ukraine defend itself against Russia (which continues its daily brutal bombardments); Sophia Besch explains what Europe must do to improve its conventional deterrence; and Liviu Horovitz and Claudia Major lay out the pros and cons of a European nuclear deterrent.  

 

We also link to two related events. The 20th Raymond Aron Lecture earlier this month, delivered by Camille Grand, examined four scenarios of U.S.-European security decoupling, with responses from Mara Karlin and Peter Rough. And finally, just this morning four renowned security experts discussed the summit and European security in a webinar: former NATO Secretary General Lord George Robertson, and our colleagues Fiona Hill (who along with Lord Robertson was one of three senior external experts guiding the recently published British Strategic Defence Review), Mike O’Hanlon, and Tom Wright. 

 

As always, we hope you enjoy reading our analysis and commentary. 

Yours, slightly rattled (you should have seen the Jewish Mother joke about Hegel), 

 

Constanze Stelzenmüller 

Director, Center on the United States and Europe 

The Brookings Institution 

 
2025-03-25T101240Z_1192207102_MT1SOPA0005R7742_RTRMADP_3_SOPA

How must Europe reorganize its conventional defense? 

 

In the face of declining American support for Europe, Sophia Besch argues European countries must step up domestic defense production, working across governments and institutions to create their own “distinctly European” defense and security policy independent of the United States. 

 

Read more

How can Europe defend Ukraine? 

 

After failed ceasefire negotiations earlier this month, Europe needs to reevaluate its approach to ending the war in Ukraine. Thomas Wright argues an “Israel minus” model for Ukraine is the strongest course of action to counter this “asymmetrical attrition in a stalemate,” with Europeans providing the necessary materiel support to help build Ukraine's defense industrial base without the assistance of the United States. 

 

Read more

Should Europeans develop an independent nuclear deterrent?

 

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the Trump administration’s turn away from Europe has brought the question of European nuclear capabilities to the forefront. Liviu Horovitz and Claudia Major examine the path to a nuclear-independent Europe, concluding resources should be directed to strengthening conventional forces to avoid escalating nuclear tensions worldwide. 

 

Read more

 
Quote

“People keep saying the British army has the smallest number of troops since the Napoleonic era. Why is the Napoleonic era relevant? ... The Ukrainians are fighting with drones. Even though they have no navy, they sank a third of the Russian Black Sea fleet.”

June 6 | Fiona Hill, The Guardian

 

Check out our recent events

The end of the Imperial Republic and the future of the trans-Atlantic alliance 

On June 4, CUSE hosted Camille Grand for the 20th annual Raymond Aron Lecture. In his remarks, Grand broke down scenarios and challenges for European security in light of a changing trans-Atlantic relationship, with Mara Karlin and Peter Rough responding to Grand’s lecture. 

 

European security at the crossroads: Russia, NATO’s Hague summit, and Britain’s Strategic Defence Review 

Brookings Foreign Policy hosted a webinar to discuss European security, the upcoming NATO summit, and the U.K. Strategic Defence Review with Lord George Robertson, former NATO secretary general, and Fiona Hill, Brookings Senior Fellow, two external reviewers who led the SDR, along with Thomas Wright and Michael E. O’Hanlon. 

     
    More research and commentary
     

    NATO summit. Ahead of the gathering on June 24-25 in The Hague, James Goldgeier and Sophie Roehse examine external threats and internal tensions challenging the alliance and discuss what to expect from the summit at a time of U.S. disengagement from Europe. 

     

    Israel-Iran war. After continued fighting between Iran and Israel, Brookings experts examine how we got here, the effect of the attacks on the region, and what a protracted conflict could mean for international security. 

     

    UK-EU deal. Amidst geopolitical threats and shifting alliances, the U.K. and the EU are reassessing their relationship, with both sides focusing on security and economic ties rather than political ideals, writes Anand Menon. 

     

    Merz in DC. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz was in Washington, DC this month for his first face-to-face meeting with President Trump. Sophie Roehse and Constanze Stelzenmüller break down the visit and what it means for U.S.-German relations. 

     

    💡 In case you missed it

    • Who cares that Britain is on course to be ‘minority white’? 
      Anand Menon, The Independent 
    • How to make time work against Putin in Ukraine 
      Michael E. O’Hanlon, Brookings 
    • The Administration Takes a Hatchet to the NSC 
      Thomas Wright, The Atlantic 
    • ‘Reasonable sufficiency’ should guide Europe’s search for nuclear deterrence 
      Pavel Baev, Brookings 
     

    About the Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings

     

    The Center on the United States and Europe (CUSE) offers independent research and recommendations for policymakers, fosters high-level dialogue on developments in Europe and global challenges that affect trans-Atlantic relations, and convenes roundtables, workshops, and public forums on policy-relevant issues.

     
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