An investigation into U.S.-EU-China relations, the future of American foreign policy after Trump, U.S.-China trade wars, and more.
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Brookings John L. Thornton China Center

October 3, 2025

2025-09-05T024332Z_136823715_RC2LKGAU7S0B_RTRMADP_3_WW2-ANNIVERSARY-CHINA-XI

Don’t overestimate the autocratic alliance

 

Patricia Kim contends that China, North Korea, and Russia remain uneasy partners beneath their show of solidarity at Beijing's military parade. Kim points out that, crucially, each still has something to gain from the U.S., which is leverage that Washington can wield to reshape the international environment.

 

Read in Foreign Affairs

Nobody lost Taiwan

 

Ryan Hass and Phil Gordon assess that concerns over Taiwan's future are understandable but overblown: Taiwan's democracy and civil society are robust, its economy is resilient, and it is making progress on defense reforms. Taipei still has cards to play in managing relations with Trump and hedging against Chinese coercion.

 

Read in Foreign Affairs

Between Washington and Beijing: How Europe fits into US-China strategic competition

 

As part of the Brookings Global China project, six foreign policy experts were invited to analyze the complexities and choices shaping U.S.-EU-China triangular dynamics. Jonathan Czin, Daniel Hamilton, Michael O'Hanlon, Susan Thornton, Tara Varma, and Thomas Wright offered their perspectives on how the triangular relationship looks from each of its three vertices.

 

Read more | Explore the project

Will Trump revolutionize American foreign policy?
 

Trump's foreign policy is an extension of his own personal instincts and grievances, and is largely unpopular with the American public, contends Ryan Hass. Hass argues that it is unlikely that U.S. foreign policy will continue on its current trajectory or revert to a pre-Trump status quo when Trump exits office. As a result, in 2028, the U.S. will need to take a clean slate to evaluating what interests and values to prioritize. 

 

Read in Fulcrum

 

Past event

Ryan Hass and Michael Froman. Photo by Paul Morigi

US-China trade wars: A conversation with Michael Froman. On September 12, the Brookings China Center hosted the annual Jeffrey A. Bader Memorial Lecture. After introductory remarks by Suzanne Maloney, Ryan Hass moderated the conversation with former U.S. Trade Representative and Council on Foreign Relations President Michael Froman on the U.S.-China trade war and its implications for global and U.S. markets.

 

Watch the recording

 
Quote

There’s much bigger fish to fry. If China can use these small concessions [on TikTok] to trade for a positive atmosphere, better U.S.-China relations, they will want to do it.

 

September 19, 2025 | Yun Sun, The New York Times

 

More research and commentary

 

Who does Xi Jinping trust? Jonathan Czin discusses his expectations for Xi's fourth Party Congress and the succession dilemma on the CSIS podcast "Pekingology."

 

China in the Pacific islands. Patricia Kim provides a discussant response to Center for Asia Policy Studies scholar Joanne Wallis's presentation on how China’s influence in the region is overstated in some respects and underestimated in others.

 

Maintaining a consistent U.S.-Taiwan policy. Mary Gallagher argues in World Politics Review that the U.S. should maintain strategic ambiguity toward Taiwan as risks over a Taiwan Strait crisis heighten.

 

Are U.S.-Taiwan relations off track? Ryan Hass explores in Taipei Times how Taiwan's leaders need to demonstrate urgency in closing a deal and implementing plans for new defense capabilities, rather than invoking "the domino effect."

 

A call for global AI cooperation. Xue Lan considers in YiCai how the importance of global AI governance must be recognized as an essential foundation for guiding responsible innovation and mitigating cross-border risks.

 

China's SCO objectives. Yun Sun finds, in a Stimson Center written reaction, that Beijing achieved its diplomatic and strategic goals during the Tianjin SCO Summit, despite the policy community labeling it a "talk-shop."

 

China's manufacturing and youth unemployment. Mary Gallagher highlights in World Politics Review the implications of Xi's industrial policy on youth employment throughout China.

 

China's goals and constraints. Ryan Hass evaluates on Nathan Kiker's "Clearer than Truth" podcast the trajectory of U.S.-China relations, risk of conflict in the Taiwan Strait, and China's goals and its capacity to realize them.

 

Is there an autocratic axis? Patricia Kim examines the growing alignment between China, Russia, and North Korea—and the implications for U.S. policy—on the CSIS podcast "Impossible State."

 

Assessing China in negotiations. Ryan Hass is interviewed for the Macro Hive podcast on China's global ambitions and its approach to managing relations with Trump.

 

Warming China-India ties. Mary Gallagher discusses with ABC Radio National why Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with Xi on Chinese soil for the first time in seven years.

 

About the China Center at Brookings

 

The John L. Thornton China Center develops timely, independent analysis and policy recommendations to address long-standing challenges related to U.S.-China relations and China's development.

 
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